I: The shepherd
“What one of you who murmur,
disapproving of the company I keep,
Who grumble at these sinners
drawing near that they may hear,
Who complain about the publicans
so hungry for my words and
Would not have me receive them
at my table —which of you,
If you were a hired shepherd, and
you lost one of your hundred sheep,
Would not leave the ninety nine
in the ambles of your wilderness
To go after the one who strayed
into the mountains? Wouldn’t you
Be relieved to find your little one,
to lift him up, to carry him on
your shoulders?
And who among you, coming home
with news to share with everyone,
Would hesitate to call your friends
and neighbors round to celebrate
The simple fact that you had found
that little one that you had sought
And could restore him to the good
folds of your pasture? Tell me,
would you not?
II. The housekeeper
So will the angels cheer in heaven, and
how much more their cheering for
The one returning soul than for
the ninety nine who never wandered?”
And even as the Pharisees
continued with their murmuring, he
Kept talking to them, questioning
and challenging them with parables.
“Imagine you are a woman now
with only ten coins to your name,
And then suppose you find one day
that you had lost one of your coins:
Which of you would not turn up the lights
and sweep out your entire house,
Looking everywhere until you
found that one lost piece of silver,
And in that coin would you not find
the grounds to dance, a cause to call
Your friends and neighbors, all of them,
to share the joy with you? I tell you,
So do heaven’s angels sing and dance,
God’s very name pronounced
With celebration every time
a single sinner simply turns
around.
III. The prodigal son
There was a man who had two sons
and the one who was the younger stood
Up to his father. Father, he said,
give me the part of your estate
I would inherit now, as I
can’t wait around for you to die.
And so the father, still alive,
took what he had and gave it to
his sons.
Then, with his share, the younger son,
who could have been a blessed one
And always had a place to stay,
within a week was out the door,
Taking a different road and looking for
a distant land, somewhere to waste
The substance of his portion, and
the road took him where he meant
to go,
And there he lived in riotous
abandon, spending all he had,
But then a mighty famine came
and he became a beggar of the land,
An immigrant among the citizens,
consigned to work their fields
And feed their pigs, willing to line
his belly with the husks left for
the swine.
IV. The road home
But when no one gave him anything,
he started talking to himself,
Questioning, remembering
how servants working for his father
Always had enough to eat,
and bread to spare, he said, and here
Am I, so far away from where
I was, with less than I need to stay
alive.
I will stand, he said, and go back to
my father. Father, I will say,
I have sinned against the heavens, and you
have seen me. I have turned away,
But now I fall before you, one
no longer worthy to be called your son.
Instead, I beg you, let me be
one of the hired servants in
your fields.
And the son arose and started walking
back towards his father’s place,
But when he was still a long way off
the father saw the suffering of
His child and he was greatly moved.
He ran to him with open arms,
He fell on him with a strong embrace,
he held him to his heart and kissed
his face.
V: The celebration
The son, just as he planned, began
to say, Father, I have sinned against
The heavens, and in your sight I am
no longer worthy to be your son,
But before he reached the begging part
to work as a servant in the fields
The father wiped his words away
and turned toward the servants he
had hired.
Bring out my finest robe, he said,
and give it to my son to wear,
Let him have rings for his fingers
and put new shoes upon his feet,
And then bring out the fatted calf,
have it quartered, chopped and cut
Into the finest veal for our table
that we may eat and celebrate
the day,
And then as they prepared the feast
and as the plates of veal were passed
The father rose and raised his glass
and gave a toast to all the house:
My son was dead, he said, but now
he is alive! My son was lost
But here again, you see, my son
is found! My little one is home
at last!
VI. The older son
The older son, the one who stayed
at his father’s side and in his place
Was in the field while this went on,
and when his working day was done
At the cue of the setting sun he came
back home again, but as he drew
Up closer to the house he heard
the music and the sounds of
people dancing.
And looking through the door he saw
that they had killed the fatted calf.
What is the meaning of this? he said,
pulling one of the servants aside,
And the servant said, your brother is home
and all of this your father has done
To welcome him and to receive
your brother safe and sound where
he belongs.
This only angered the older son,
and he stood where he was looking in,
Refusing to enter through the door
and scowling at the celebration,
And even when his father came
outside to ask him earnestly
To enter in, to be part of
the party, the older child started
arguing.
VII. The argument
Look, the brother said, how many
years have I been at your side,
Serving you, following your rules
and never breaking your commands,
And have you ever given me
as much as a suckling goat to share
With friends, a single night that my friends
and I might have a party of
our own?
Yet here, no sooner had your boy
returned from his great carnival
Of whores, his share of your estate
devoured, for this son of yours
You’ve gone and killed the fatted calf!
And he despised his brother and
Continued with his murmuring,
but the loving father to his son
replied,
My son, you are forever with me,
and everything I have is yours,
But it was right that we should have
this feast and celebration, for
You see, this is your younger brother:
he was dead, but turn around
And look, he is alive again! Your
brother was lost, and now he has
been found!”
"There's a divinity that shapes our ends,
ReplyDeleteRough-hew them how we will--"
For years I've grappled with Dr Gordon Lell's pronouncement that Hamlet is the 'Christian' play, as distinct from, say, King Lear (whose prodigality and ultimate repentance seems to fit Luke 15 well enough). I talked to Dad plenty about Lear but not enough about Hamlet--wish I had. Perhaps Shakespeare isn't a comfortable exegesis-maker, because his lyrics come off as agnostic and none-too-reassuring: "There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, / Than are dreamt of in your philosophy. / But come--"
Indeed, come. I love this isogesis poem and exogesis opportunity to network out, back to Ezekiel 34, on to John 21 and I Peter 1. These latter chapters are the last ones I remember Dad preparing in early 1989, and it came as an interesting extemporaneous challenge at the Bejou memorial service, when the pastor there made his comments about John 12:24 before I was slated to speak (and I had John 12:24 prepared to go!). I prayed, I'm sure, and went auto-pilot on my recall of Dad talking through John 21: "Simon son of John [note Jesus doesn't use 'Peter' as the noun of address!], do you truly love me more than these?" When Peter bumblingly affirms three times, aesthetically massaging the forgiveness he needs for each denial, Jesus gives him a shepherd's mandate: feed and take care of my sheep. I remember feeling self-conscious at Bejou that the "more than these" may have caused those parishioners to think they were less than, say, those of another flock, but what else could I say? I relayed Dad relaying the words of Jesus, with all of us Peters there to listen and respond.
To this poem: "the ambles of your wilderness" is a phrase that one can found memoirs upon, like Nabokov's 'Speak, Memory' (which he borrowed from Hamlet). I hope Stillwater is a way to compile these memoirs, and I'd like to see Don's this summer as a way to put them online. I love the the slant-rhyme of "when he was still a long way off / the father saw the suffering of" and the homophone of "At the cue of the setting sun"--our work may never be done, but we do have our cues to come home and receive mercifully the grace of our waiting Father.
And that's what makes our faith much deeper than the foibles of Hamlet and Lear (and Lell would say, correctly, that at least one of them knows it!): our foibles are plentifully all the same; our faith is focused in the grace of God's all-watching care.
Dan, I am thrilled that you managed to pick out some of my own turns of phrases in this poem. I also like the word "isogesis" - a new word for me (also spelled eisegesis?), and certainly better than the more critical exegesis - though there really is relatively little of me trying to get this rich text to say more than it already says. When I posted this on my Walled Gardens blog, I included a full reference to the other passages. I will do that here, too, in the next few comments.
ReplyDeleteBut you picked out a few turns of phrases that are isogetic (will that word work?), which makes my day. The ambles of the wilderness is my own addition, because the story as told has the shepherd leaving the ninety nine in the wilderness without really explaining that for the time being this was a safer wilderness than where the little one had gone. And this, after all, is what a shepherd does. The pasture for a nomadic herdsman is not a fenced off safety zone but truly a wilderness that he guides his flock through.
I also like all the parallel references to field workers here. The prodigal in the foreign fields, his desire to work in his father's fields, the fact that his brother is out in the fields when he comes home. These are not the same as the shepherd's fields, but then, maybe they are.
Luke 15 (KJV)
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1 Then drew near unto him all the publicans and sinners for to hear him. 2 And the Pharisees and scribes murmured , saying This man receiveth sinners, and eateth with them. 3 And he spake this parable unto them, saying, 4 What man of you, having an hundred sheep, if he lose one of them [Matt.18:14: one of these little ones], doth not leave the ninety and nine in the wilderness, and go after that which is lost [Matt. 18:12: ...gone astray, doth he not ...goeth into the mountains], until he find it? 5 And when he hath found it, [Isaiah 40:11: he shall gather the lambs with his arm, and carry them in his bosom] he layeth it on his shoulders, rejoicing 6 And when he cometh home, [Luke 2:10: I bring you good tidings of great joy ...to all people] he calleth together his friends and neighbours, saying unto them, Rejoice with me; for I have found my sheep which was lost. [Psalm 23:3: He restoreth my soul.] [Ezekiel 34:14: I will feed them in a good pasture, and ...there shall they lie in a good fold.]
(II)
7 I say unto you, that likewise joy shall be in heaven over one sinner that repenteth , more than over ninety and nine just persons, which need no repentance. [John 10:6: This parable spake Jesus unto them: but they understood not what things they were which he spake unto them.] 8 Either what woman having ten pieces of silver, if she lose one piece, doth not light a candle, and sweep the house, and seek diligently till she find it? 9 And when she hath found it, she calleth her friends and her neighbours together, saying, Rejoice with me; for I have found the piece which I had lost. 10 Likewise, I say unto you, there is joy in the presence of the angels of God [Psalm 149:3: Let them praise his name in the dance: let them sing...] over one sinner that repenteth.
(III)
11 And he said , A certain man had two sons: 12 And the younger of them said to his father, Father, give me the portion of goods that falleth to me. And he divided unto them his living. 13 And not many days after the younger son gathered all together, [Luke 14:15: Blessed is he that shall eat bread in the kingdom of God][Luke 14:23: ...come in , that my house may be filled] and took his journey into a far country, and there wasted his substance with riotous living. 14 And when he had spent all, there arose a mighty famine in that land; and he began to be in want. 15 And he went and joined himself to a citizen of that country; and he sent him into his fields to feed swine. 16 And he would fain have filled his belly with the husks that the swine did eat:
Luke15 (KJV) (continued)
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and no man gave unto him. 17 And when he came to himself, he said, How many hired servants of my father's have bread enough and to spare, and I perish with hunger! 18 I will arise and go to
my father, and will say unto him, Father, I have sinned against heaven, and before thee, 19 And am no more worthy to be called thy son: make me as one of thy hired servants. 20 And he arose, and came to his father. But when he was yet a great way off, his father saw him, and had compassion, and ran, and fell on his neck, and kissed him.
(V)
21 And the son said unto him, Father, I have sinned against heaven, and in thy sight, and am no more worthy to be called thy son. 22 But the father [Revelation 21:4: ...shall wipe away all tears from their eyes, and there shall be no more ...crying] said to his servants, Bring forth the best robe, and put it on him; [Zechariah 3:4: Behold , I have caused thine iniquity to pass from thee, and I will clothe thee with change of raiment] and put a ring on his hand, and shoes on his feet: 23 And bring hither the fatted calf, and kill it; [Psalm 23:5: Thou preparest a table before me] and let us eat, and be merry: 24 For this my son was dead, and is alive again ; he was lost, and
is found. And they began to be merry.
(VI)
25 Now his elder son was in the field: and as he came and drew nigh to the house, he heard musick and dancing. 26 And he called one of the servants, and asked what these things meant. 27 And he said unto him , Thy brother is come; and thy father hath killed the fatted calf, because he hath received him safe and sound. 28 And he was angry, and would not go in: therefore came his father out, and intreated him. 29 And he answering said to his father,
(VII)
Lo , these many years [Luke 18:9: certain which trusted ...they were righteous] do I serve thee, neither transgressed I at any time thy commandment: and yet thou never gavest me a kid, that I might make merry with my friends: 30 But as soon as this thy son was come, which hath
devoured thy living with harlots, thou hast killed for him the fatted calf. [Luke 18:9: they were righteous, and despised others] 31 And he said unto him, Son, thou art ever with me, and all that I have is thine. 32 It was meet that we should make merry, and be glad: for this thy brother was dead, and is alive again; and was lost, and is found.